Urban Metabolism Based on Emergy and Slack Based Model: A Case Study of Beijing,China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

SONG Tao  CAI Jianming  XU Hui  DENG Yu  NIU Fangqu  YANG Zhenshan  DU Shanshan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2015,(1):113-123

The key to studying urban sustainable development depends on quantifying stores, efficiencies of urban metabolisms and capturing urban metabolisms′ mechanisms. This paper builds up the metabolic emergy account and quantifies some important concepts of emergy stores. Emphasis is placed on the urban metabolic model based on the slack based model(SBM) method to measure urban metabolic efficiencies. Urban metabolic mechanisms are discussed by using the regression method. By integrating these models, this paper analyzes the urban metabolic development in Beijing from 2001 to 2010. We conclude that the metabolic emergy stores of Beijing increased significantly from 2001 to 2010, with the emergy imported accounting for most of the increase. The metabolic efficiencies in Beijing have improved since the 2008 Olympic Games. The population, economic growth, industrial structures, and environmental governance positively affect the overall urban metabolism, while the land expansion, urbanization and environmentally technical levels hinder the improving of urban metabolic efficiencies. The SBM metabolic method and the regression model based on the emergy analysis provide insights into the urban metabolic efficiencies and the mechanism. They can promote to integrate such concepts into their sustainability analyses and policy decisions.  相似文献   

青海大柴旦断裂古地震特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

庞炜  何文贵  袁道阳  张波  吴赵 《地球科学与环境学报》2015,(3):87-103

通过卫星影像解译发现,青海海西地区大柴旦东侧山前洪积扇上发育了一条影像特征清晰、连续性较好的活动断裂带,被称为大柴旦断裂。野外追踪调查确认该断裂为一条总体走向NNW(340°左右),长度约125km的活动断裂带。该断裂属柴达木盆地北缘断裂系的重要组成部分,晚第四纪构造活动具挤压逆冲特征兼右旋走滑分量。山前冲洪积扇保存有多级较小的断层陡坎、断层沟槽和冲沟右旋等断错地貌现象。利用差分GPS技术对断层陡坎进行测量,单条小陡坎的高度一般为0.5~1m,多条陡坎组合累积高度为3~5m。通过对2个天然古地震剖面和3个探槽剖面进行综合分析,最前缘的主控断层为逆冲断层,后缘表现为张性正断层的组合形式,断裂新构造活动具有逐渐向山前扩展的特征。根据样品14C测年结果大致确定了5次古地震事件,其中全新世以来有4次;古地震时间具有准周期性,其复发间隔约为2 000年。最近一次古地震事件的离逝时间是(1 935±60)a B.P.之后,说明大柴旦断裂离逝时间与复发间隔较接近,地震危险性比较高。  相似文献   

滦河流域碳、水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验总体设计     

阎广建  赵天杰  穆西晗  闻建光  庞勇  贾立  张永光  陈德清  姚崇斌  曹志宇  雷永荟  姬大彬  陈良富  柳钦火  吕利清  陈镜明  施建成 《遥感学报》2021,25(4):856-870

始于20世纪80年代的系列大型遥感试验开始系统研究地表物质和能量交换过程,对遥感与地球系统科学研究的结合起到重要作用,但是尚无综合利用多源遥感数据解决碳、水、能量循环问题的有效方案。遥感科学国家重点实验室于滦河上游地区组织开展基础性、多学科、多尺度的"碳、水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验"。本次试验面向地球系统科学对遥感观测的最新要求,以遥感如何服务地—气过程研究为关键科学问题,开展星—机—地多尺度遥感综合观测和地面测量,论证中国自主设计的碳、水、能量相关卫星的技术指标,基于大场景真实结构模拟和多尺度综合观测构建虚拟遥感试验场,验证全波段遥感机理模型和复杂地表辐射传输机理。核心试验区位于地势较为平坦的闪电河流域和地形复杂的小滦河流域。闪电河流域主要地类为农田和草地,开展的试验以水循环和能量平衡遥感综合观测为主。小滦河流域主要地类为森林和草地,以碳循环遥感综合观测为主。两个试验区都开展了系统性的多架次飞行试验,并同步开展地面全波段、主被动协同观测。特别设计了一次长达165 km的大跨度飞行试验,横跨两个试验区,包含了地表类型和海拔高度的逐渐过渡。从2017年的预实验开始,整个试验为期5年。基于科学目标驱动、开放、协作、共享的原则,本次试验吸引了10个大型国家科研项目,4个卫星计划团队,19家单位200人次参加,是中国主导的又一次具有明确科学目标的大型多学科交叉遥感综合试验。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地英买力地区原油地球化学特征与族群划分   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李素梅  庞雄奇  杨海军  肖中尧  顾乔元  张玮娜 《现代地质》2010,24(4)

塔里木盆地英买力地区油气成因复杂,采用多馏分、多组分化学成分分析及单体烃碳同位素分析途径,对该区海相、陆相油进行精细分析。结果表明,英买力油田主要有两大类油组,分别是南部YM2井区的海相油(I类)和北部YM7井区的陆相油(Ⅱ类),各自具有典型的海相油与陆相油的特征。进一步分析表明,两大油组内部仍有分异。将第二油组进一步分为两亚类,以中、古生界产层为主的正常黑油和重质油为一类(Ⅱa),以古近系为主的凝析油为另一类(Ⅱb)。两亚类原油正构烷烃单体烃同位素稍有差异,芳烃组成与分布具有显著差异。较之于Ⅱa原油,Ⅱb原油富含联苯系列与氧芴系列、不同类型芳烃系列中以低分子量同系物占绝对优势,其正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素更重,与相邻的羊塔克地区原油表现出一定的相似性,表明两者之间有一定的成因联系,前者可能为混源油,由位于库车坳陷中拜城凹陷提供两种陆相烃源岩。英买力地区陆相油并非以往确认的一种成因类型,可能至少由两套性质迥异的中生界烃源岩供烃。英买力地区第一类海相油(I类)尽管生物标志物特征相近,但分析原油的单体烃碳同位素具有显著差异,同样存在油气混源的可能。英买力地区海、陆相原油特征与成因的深入剖析,对于该区精细油源确认、油气成藏机制乃至油气资源评价具有重要意义。  相似文献   

准东地区吉木萨尔凹陷石炭纪层序划分及重要意义     

贺凯  何治亮  屈伟  庞瑶 《新疆地质》2010,28(2)

吉木萨尔凹陷为准东地区重要含油气单元.吉15井工业油流的获得显示出石炭系具良好的勘探前景.通过对 该区石炭系地震反射特征研究发现其地层超覆、削蚀关系明显,可追踪对比性强,是区内石炭系重要层组划分标志, 可划分出上石炭统巴塔玛依内山组(简称巴山组)和下石炭统,首次对该区石炭系构造单元进行系统划分.  相似文献   

Classification of Complex Reservoirs in Superimposed Basins of Western China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

PANG Xiongqi  ZHOU Xinyuan  LIN Changsong  HUO Zhipeng  LUO Xiaorong  PANG Hong 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(5):1011-1034

<正>Many of the sedimentary basins in western China were formed through the superposition and compounding of at least two previously developed sedimentary basins and in general they can be termed as complex superimposed basins.The distinct differences between these basins and monotype basins are their discontinuous stratigraphic sedimentation,stratigraphic structure and stratigraphic stress-strain action over geological history.Based on the correlation of chronological age on structural sections,superimposed basins can be divided into five types in this study:(1) continuous sedimentation type superimposed basins,(2) middle and late stratigraphic superimposed basins,(3) early and late stratigraphic superimposed basins,(4) early and middle stratigraphic superimposed basins,and(5) long-term exposed superimposed basins.Multiple source-reservoir-caprock assemblages have developed in such basins.In addition,multi-stage hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,multiple sources,polycyclic hydrocarbon accumulation and multiple-type hydrocarbon reservoirs adjustment,reformation and destruction have occurred in these basins.The complex reservoirs that have been discovered widely in the superimposed basins to date have remarkably different geologic features from primary reservoirs,and the root causes of this are folding,denudation and the fracture effect caused by multiphase tectonic events in the superimposed basins as well as associated seepage,diffusion,spilling,oxidation,degradation and cracking.Based on their genesis characteristics,complex reservoirs are divided into five categories:(1) primary reservoirs,(2) trap adjustment type reservoirs,(3) component variant reservoirs,(4) phase conversion type reservoirs and (5) scale-reformed reservoirs.  相似文献   

Accelerating Oil and Gas Exploration in Western China by Studies of Formations of Hydrocarbon Accumulations in Superimposed Basins—A Preface     

PANG Xiongqi 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(5):i-ii

<正>The superimposed basins in the western region of China are a hot research topic for earth scientists home and abroad for their vast area and rich oil and gas resources.Their complex geological conditions and resultant great exploration difficulties have received much attention of the scientists.This issue presents the advances of several scholars in their long-term research on the mechanisms of oil and gas accumulation and the patterns of oil and gas distribution.These studies are part of the National 973 Project entitled "Mechanism of Oil and Gas Accumulation and  相似文献   

Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir Bed Characteristics and ReservoirForming Conditions in the Lungudong Region of the Tarim Basin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wang Weili  Pang Xiongqi  Liu Luofu  Yang Haijun  Wang Ying  Jiang Zhenxue  Xiang Caifu  Gu Qiaoyuan  Han Jianfa 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(5):1170-1179

<正>Basic characteristics of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in the Lungudong region of northeastern part of the Tarim Basin are described in detail and the reservoir-forming conditions of oil and gas are preliminarily discussed in this paper by collecting and sorting out a large amount of data.The carbonate reservoir beds are mainly developed in open-platform and platform marginal facies;the reservoir beds have large changes in and low average values of physical property;the main type is fractured reservoir beds with the fracture-porous type second.The reservoir bed development is chiefly controlled by the distribution of sedimentary facies,tectonic activity and karstification. Whereas the accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbons in the region are controlled by an advantageous structural location,a good reservoir-caprock combination and a favorable transporting system,with the distribution characterized by zones horizontally and belts vertically,the oil and gas are mainly concentrated in areas with structural uplift,densely developed fractures,and surface karst,a vertical vadose zone,and a horizontal undercurrent belt of palaeokarst.  相似文献   

店房火山角砾岩体西段金矿地质特征与成因          下载免费PDF全文

温森坡  庞永治  乔保龙 《地质找矿论丛》2010,25(3):212-216

在近期的矿山接替资源找矿过程中,对店房金矿以西的角砾岩体西段勘查新圈定5条金矿体。金矿体的形态与产状严格受断裂构造控制,直接产于火山机构的环状、放射状构造和蚀变破碎带之中,矿石分为石英脉型和构造蚀变岩型,围岩蚀变以硅化和黄(褐)铁矿化为主,成矿作用分为2期4个阶段;稳定同位素和流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体主要为幔源,并具低盐度和多源特点,以岩浆热液为主,成矿温度为中、低温,主成矿期为燕山晚期,店房角砾岩体西段金矿床属与火山构造有关的中、低温热液矿床。  相似文献   

西北地区晚第四纪沉积地层一元正脂肪酸酰胺分布特征及古气候意义     

蒲阳  张虎才  雷国良  常凤琴  杨明生  庞有智 《地球科学进展》2010,25(5):533-542

利用气相色谱质谱联用仪在中国西北地区晚第四纪沉积地层中检测出一类特殊的类脂物分子--一元正脂肪酸酰胺.根据其碳数分布特征及前人的研究成果,认为一元正脂肪酸酰胺来源于各种生物体,产生于生物的某些生理活动过程,而不是来源于石油残余物及各种可能的污染.通过对比3个不同区域相近时期古湖相及黄土沉积地层中的脂肪酸酰胺分布特征,认为柴达木盆地可能不是黄土沉积的主要物源区,而额济纳盆地及邻近区域对黄土堆积有着重要的贡献或具有相同的物源.典型黄土沉积地层中UFAA值(不饱和与饱和脂肪酸酰胺相对含量的比值)与粒度、磁化率等指标具有很好的可对比性,特别是在相对暖湿阶段UFAA值呈现了明显的低值.这一现象表明脂肪酸酰胺在沉积地层中的变化受控于气候变化所导致的成岩作用强度的变化,从而记录了气候变化信息.通过研究,认为生物生理活动过程中所产生的一元正脂肪酸酰胺与构成细胞膜的类脂物分子一样,可记录古气候变化.  相似文献